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September 11, 2008

In the recent past, most if not all Linux distributions have successfully made the transition from being the exclusive domain of so-called technical geeks to being suitable for even new computer users.

But unlike proprietary software and operating systems such as Microsoft's Windows, the GNU/Linux model is built mainly on the efforts of open source contributors who volunteer their time and expertise to write new software and applications that will be useful to most people.

The result of all these efforts is the overall success of FOSS (free and open source softwar) and it greatly depends on regular feedback and additional contributions from other users as well.

Some new Linux users may not fully understand how to contribute, or even see the need for contributions. But non-programmers can and should contribute a great deal to FOSS projects, benefiting not only other users but also themselves in the process.

Here's a bit of background for new users: the Linux kernel, the GNU software forming the core of the operating system, and the vast majority of Linux software drivers and applications that make up modern distributions are free software as defined by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).

The FSF definition states that "free software" is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:

1) The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.

2) The freedom to study how the program works and adapt it to specific needs. (Note that access to the source code is a precondition for this.

3) The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.

4) The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. (Again, access to the source code is a precondition for this.

The point is that Linux and open source applications are by and large built on four essential software freedoms. Two of the four freedoms emphasize being able to modify and release software, and the legacy of free software is a collaborative development model that encourages users to be developers who modify, improve and redistribute software.

The power of collaboration and open source development is why Linux distributions (distros) and other FOSS applications are polished, powerful and strong rivals when compared to proprietary software.

"That's great," you may say, "but I don't know how to write patches or fix bugs. What can I do to help?"

There are a number of ways for non-programmers to participate meaningfully in FOSS software development. The two easiest ways to get involved also have the biggest benefits for users themselves: participating in user forums and contacting developers directly.

With time and with a lot of efforts, the FOSS development model will result in Linux distributions and applications that will be exceptionally easy to use, which in turn will attract a large number of new users as well.

But users not so familiar with Linux and/or FOSS development often have different expectations regarding so-called 'free' software usability, maturity and the completeness of software features.

Overall user reactions to the release of KDE 4.0 is a good example of how users' expectations can conflict with open source developers.

Additionally, KDE is typical of FOSS projects, simply because it relies on contributions from users to improve and sustain itself in the long haul.

Source: The Linux Foundation (LF).

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